I think the overiding factor as to why a turbo car returns worse fuel
consumption will alwys be the 'grin factor' a turbo car has. I have a 99S70
T5 SE and have had a worst consumption of 22mpg (UK gallons) and a best of
38mpg.... The former on country lanes whilst grinning like a Cheshire cat
and the latter whilst on motorways cruising in traffic at 40-60mph with
virtually no stop start stuff (very rare that happens in the UK!)... Both
were over a distance equivalent to 1/2 tank of fuel so not entirely
definitive...
As for turbo cars being less efficient when driven gently, this is a common
myth. A turbo car can be more economical than an equivalent non turbo car as
it can provide air to the engine without the engine having to draw it in
(that vacuum reading has to be worked for by the engine). As the turbo
utilises otherwise waste energy contained in the still rapidly expanding
exhaust gasses it relieves the engine of the need to 'suck' air into the
combustion chamber. Unfortunately for a petrol engine this applies to a very
narrow range of engine operating speeds and is typically a few hundred revs
near where the turbo provides positive pressure to the inlet manifold (and
positive pressure over around 2psi is where economy suffers). If you look at
the diesel world (ok, so its a different principle involved but some of the
concepts hold), the turbo diesel engine almost always seems to be more
economical than the non-turbo equivalent.
To be fair to the turbo engine though we should compare apples with apples
and not apples with pears. If we look at the power outputs of a turbo engine
and an equivalent power output NA engine the NA engine almost always loses
out. This is because a larger engine has inherently more frictional losses
than a smaller one (larger bores, longer strokes and/or more cylinders),
thus a small engine with lower losses and a turbo will generally be more
economical than a larger higher friction one.